agening化学各类有机物之间的相互转化关系CH2CH2nCH2CH2BrBrCH2CHClCH2CHClnCH3CH3CHCHCH3CH2BrCH3CH2OHCH3CHOCH3COOHBrOHONaOHBrBrBrCH3COOCH2CH3CH2OHCH2OHCHOCHOCOOHCOOH六元环状酯(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)高聚酯CH2CH2CH3CH2ONaCH3CH2OCH2CH3NO2(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(31)(32)(33)CaC2CH3COONaCH3COOHCH3O2NNO2NO2AgCu2O(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)agening化学(1)CH3CH3+Br2光照CH3CH2Br+HBr(2)CH2=CH2+H2催化剂△CH3CH3(3)CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2Br(4)CH2=CH2+HBrCH3CH2Br(5)CH2=CH2+H2O浓H2SO4CH3CH2OH(6)nCH2=CH2催化剂CH2CH2n(7)CH≡CH+H2催化剂△CH2=CH2(8)CH≡CH+HCl催化剂△CH2=CHCl(9)CH2CHClCH2CHClnn催化剂(10)CaC2+2H2OCH≡CH↑+Ca(OH)2(11)+Br2催化剂Br+HBr(12)+HO-NO2浓H2SO4△NO2+H2Oagening化学(13)+3H2催化剂△(14)CH3+3HO-NO2浓H2SO4△CH3O2NNO2NO2+3H2O(15)CH3酸性KMnO4或酸性K2Cr2O7COOH(16)2OH+2Na2ONa+H2↑OH+NaOHONa+H2OOH+Na2CO3ONa+NaHCO3(17)ONa+HClOH+NaClONa+CO2+H2OOH+NaHCO3agening化学(18)OH+3Br2OHBrBrBr↓+3HBr(19)2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑(20)CH3CH2OH浓H2SO41700CCH2=CH2↑+H2O(21)C2H5-OH+HO-C2H5浓H2SO41400CC2H5-O-C2H5+H2O(22)CH3CH2OH+HBr△CH3CH2Br+H2O(23)2CH3CH2OH+O2催化剂△2CH3CHO+2H2OCH3CH2OH+CuO△CH3CHO+Cu+H2O(24)2CH3CHO+O2催化剂△2CH3COOH(25)CH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OH△CH3COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2O(26)CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2△CH3COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2O(27)CH3CHO+H2催化剂△CH3CH2OH(28)CH3COOH+HOC2H5浓H2SO4△CH3COOC2H5+H2O(29)CH3COOC2H5+H2O稀H2SO4△CH3COOH+C2H5OH(30)2CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2↑agening化学2CH3COOH+Na2O2CH3COONa+H2OCH3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑CH3COOH+NaHCO3CH3COONa+H2O+CO2↑(31)CH3COOC2H5+NaOH△CH3COONa+C2H5OH(32)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△水CH3CH2OH+NaBr(33)CH3CH2Br+NaOH△乙醇CH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O(34)CH2BrCH2Br+2NaOH△水CH2OHCH2OH+2NaBr(35)CH2BrCH2Br+2NaOH△乙醇CH≡CH↑+2NaBr+2H2O(36)CH2OHCH2OH+O2催化剂△CHOCHO+2H2O(37)CHOCHO+O2催化剂△COOHCOOHagening化学(38)CHOCHO+2H2催化剂△CH2OHCH2OH(39)COOHCOOH+CH2OHCH2OH浓H2SO4△COCOOOCH2CH2+2H2O(40)nCOOHCOOH+nCH2OHCH2OH浓H2SO4△CHOOCOOCH2CH2OHn+(2n-1)H2Oagening化学(12ㄨ),烃⻧代烃<>醇<>醛>鯲*醋7^^烷烃(黎晴)烯、炔烃L9⽇向⑥{cn-at-at.cnagening化学有机化学常考陌生信息反应总结张老师B站:agening化学/资料下载搜索同名公众号(agening化学)1靠前的是主官能团:羧酸及其衍生物>醛酮>醇酚胺醚>烃基>卤原子>硝基agening化学有机化学常考陌生信息反应总结张老师B站:agening化学/资料下载搜索同名公众号(agening化学)2一、烃的陌生反应1、烃的取代反应(1)烷基上的取代CH3-CH2-CH3+Cl2CH3CH=CH2+Cl2例:(2)苯环上的陌生取代+RClAlCl3R(付-克烷基化)+ROClAlCl3OR+OOORRAlCl3OR+RCOOH【付-克酰基化·2021年湖南卷】CH3CH2COClAlCl3CH3OZn-HgHCl浓CH3+OOOAlCl3COOHO【2021年湖南卷,2014年上海卷】【2021年全国乙卷】agening化学有机化学常考陌生信息反应总结张老师B站:agening化学/资料下载搜索同名公众号(agening化学)3(3)甲苯的卤代CH3FeCl2Clh�CH3ClCH3Cl+CH2ClCH3NBSCH2Br【2019年全国三卷】【拓展】苯环上取代反应的定位效应1)第一类定位基,邻对位定位基,常见的有:NR2NHRNH2OHHNCROORCROORArX(F,Cl,Br,I)2)第二类定位基,间位定位基,常见的有:NR3NO2CF3Cl3COOHCOROCNSO3HCHOCOR反应类型?______agening化学有机化学常考陌生信息反应总结张老师B站:agening化学/资料下载搜索同名公众号(agening化学)4【例】已知氯原子是邻位和对位取代定位基,—NO2则是间位取代定位基,那么A→B()为了提高B的产率,需要先进行____反应(填“氯代”或“硝化”)。【2017年天津卷】2、烃的加成反应(1)不对称烯烃的加...