第1页共8页《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习形容词和副词一、形容词1.形容词的位置形容词作定语通常放在它所修饰的名词前面,但在下列情况下,形容词可以或必须后置:(1)形容词作定语修饰由some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。如:There’ssomethinginterestingonthefrontpage.(2)以-ible和-able结尾的形容词可置于由形容词最高级或only等所修饰的名词之后。如:Thatistheonlysolutionpossible.Thisisthebestbookavailable.(3)一些表语形容词须置于所修饰的名词之后。如:Heisthemostfamousscientistaliveintheworldtoday.(4)形容词短语一般须后置,往往相当于定语从句。如:Thosebraveenoughtoreceivethechallenge(=whoarebraveenoughtoreceivethechallenge)mustbethetopstudentsinthegrade.2.前置形容词的排列顺序多个形容词修饰名词时,它们的顺序大致为:描绘性形容词(短词在前,长词在后)→表特征的形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等,顺序也大致如此,但不固定)→表颜色的形容词→表类属的形容词(包括专有形容词和表材料质地的形容词)。如:abeautifuloldredFrenchcupboardaprettylittlesquareoldblackJapanesewoodenwritingdesk二、副词1.副词的分类副词大体上可分为下面几类:(1)时间副词,如now,recently,tonight,before,early。(2)地点副词,如here,somewhere,downstairs,eastward,nearby,abroad。(3)方式副词,如politely,brightly,firmly,sharply。(4)程度副词,如almost,entirely,strongly,extremely,slightly。(5)频度副词,如regularly,always,often,seldom,sometimes,never。(6)疑问副词,如how,where,when,why。(7)连接副词,如how,where,when,why。第2页共8页(8)关系副词,如when,where,why。(9)句子副词,如fortunately,hopefully,actually,interestingly。(10)使与上文连接更紧的副词,如however,therefore,besides,nevertheless,meanwhile。2.副词的位置(1)修饰形容词、副词、介词短语,以及从句、整句时,副词要放在它们的前面。但副词enough要放在被修饰的形容词和副词后面。如:Thetheatrewasnotquitefull.Amy’satuniversitynowanddoingquitewell.Thecompanyisbadlyinneedofnewblood.Ournewhouseisnice,exactlywhatwe’vealwayswanted.Frankly,Icouldn’tcarelesswhathappenstohim.Wewerefortunateenoughtogetanemptycar.Funnilyenough,Isaidthesamethingmyselfonlyyesterday.(2)频度副词一般放在系动词be之后,行为动词之前;如有情态动词或助动词,则放在这类动词之后。如:It’softendifficulttotranslatepoetry.Heneversaidawordthewholetwohours.ShehasneverbeentoBeijing.3.词义有差别的同根副词有些副词有两种不同的形式,一种与形容词同形,另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成。二者有时区别不大,但在许多情况下二者是有区别的:前者多用在直接或具体的场合,后者多用在抽象的场合。如:三、形容词与副词的比较等级1.原级常用于as...as和notas/so...as结构。如:You’reastallasyourfather.Hedoesn’tplayhalfas/sowellashissister.第3页共8页2.比较级(1)可以单独使用。如:Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee?(2)也可用于以下结构:a.“比较级+than”。如:Therewerefewerthantwentypeoplethere.b.“the+比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,就越……”。如:Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.c.“比较级+and+比较级”或“moreandmore+原级”,意为“越来越……”。如:Lifewasdifficultthenbutthingshavegotbetterandbetterovertheyears.Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.d.“否定词+比较级”,相当于最高级,意为“最……不过”。如:Youcouldn’tbemorewrong.(3)比较级前可用many,much,far,alittle,abit,slightly,agooddeal,any,even,still等修饰。如:Childrengenerallyfeelmuchmoreconfidentworkingingroups.Couldyougivealittlemoreattentiontospelling?She’smarriedtoamanagooddealolderthanherself.Isyourfatherfeelinganybetter?Then...