第1页共4页《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习主谓一致一、主谓一致的原则主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则:1.语法一致原则:主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形式。2.意义一致原则:谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数时,谓语根据意义用复数形式;当主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数时,谓语根据意义用单数形式。3.就近一致原则:谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致,即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语的单、复数形式。二、主谓一致的具体应用1.名词作主语1)集体名词作主语,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,government,enemy,committee等。有些集体名词如cattle,people,police等,通常看作复数,谓语动词必须用复数。如:Thearmyhasadvancedtotheriver.Theteamaredrivingtothegameintheirowncars.ThepolicehavebeensearchingforTomforyears.2)单复数同形的名词作主语,应根据其意义来决定谓语形式。如:Theonlymeansofcommunicationbetweenthemwassignlanguage.Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.3)表示单数概念的复形名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名等)作主语,谓语动词通常用单数。如:Statisticsisaprincipalcourseatthebusinesscollege.GeneralMotorsproducesmanydifferenttypesofcars.4)trousers,shoes,chopsticks,sunglasses等名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果其前有apairof,akindof等时,谓语动词一般用单数。如:Thesetrousersaretoolarge.Apairoftrousersisnotenough.5)当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时,往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。如:第2页共4页Sevenkilometerswascoveredintwohours.Twohundreddollarsisalottome.Tenminuteswasgiventopreparetheanswer.6)“morethanone/manya+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词通常用单数形式;“more+复数名词+thanone”作主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式。如:Morethanonepersonhasbeeninvolvedinthis.Manyastudenthasseenthefilm.Moreboxesthanonehavebeenusedatthestation.7)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。如:Onlyonethirdofthehomeworkwasfinishedyesterday.Threefourthsofthestudentscometoschoolontimeeveryday.2.代词作主语1)代词each,either,neither,another以及复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Eachstudenthasadictionaryinourclass.Anyonewhoisoversixteenisallowedin.2)关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。如:Don’tyouknowthepeoplewholivenextdoor?(先行词是people)Mywife,whoisoutatthemoment,willphoneyouwhenshegetsback.(先行词是Mywife)3)all,most,none,some等作主语时,谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。如:Allwhohavestudiedthisquestionhavecometothesameconclusion.Noneismorequalifiedforthetaskthanhe.3.由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1)由and或both...and...连接的并列主语,如果意义为复数,谓语动词通常用复数。但当and不表示并列意义,而是连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词则用单数形式。如:BothMikeandJimhaveredhair.Thewriterandreporterhasgivenusatalk.Thereisawatchandchainonthetable.(watchandchain带链的表)2)当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语,如由with,but,aswellas,alongwith,ratherthan,togetherwith,including,inadditionto等引导的短语时,谓语动词的人称和数与主语保持一致。如:Theprofessor,togetherwithhisstudents,isdiningheretonight.3)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的人称...